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For this unit there are 358 MP3 files, each containing a question and corresponding answer.
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Podcasts are colour-coded to indicate the following:
| Level | Description | Show |
|---|---|---|
| BRONZE | Straightforward questions which do not require in-depth analysis. Questions require short answers and involve students demonstrating knowledge and understanding of key theoretical content. |
|
| SILVER | Questions requiring more direct thinking, explanation and involve students being able to describe and apply knowledge to sporting contexts. |
|
| GOLD | More challenging questions, ideal for students aiming for a top grade. Questions require a deeper understanding of theoretical content in order to explain, apply, analyse and evaluate how factors affect performance and participation in physical activity and sport. |
1. Applied Anatomy and Physiology
1.1 The structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system 
| 1 | Which are the two main bones that make up the shoulder joint? |  |
| 2 | What is the scientific name for the collar bone? | |
| 3 | The elbow joint is made up of which three bones? | |
| 4 | What collection of bones protects your brain from injury? | |
| 5 | Which two bones make up the hip? | |
| 6 | Which bones make up the thoracic cage and provide protection to your heart and lungs? | |
| 7 | At what joint are the femur and tibia found? | |
| 8 | Where is the patella found? | |
| 9 | What is another name for the human spine? | |
| 10 | Name the five regions of the vertebral column | |
| 11 | Which structures of the skeleton make up the ankle joint? | |
| 12 | What structures of the skeleton make up the wrist joint? | |
| 13 | Which bones make up the fingers and toes in the hand and foot? | |
| 14 | Which bones are located between the carpals and phalanges in the hand? | |
| 15 | Which bones are located between the tarsals and phalanges in the foot? | |
| 16 | Give two ways the skeleton provides a framework to allow us to move | |
| 17 | Describe the different roles of short bones and long bones and give an example of each | |
| 18 | Describe the roles of flat bones and give an example | |
| 19 | Name the functions of the skeletal system | |
| 20 | How does the skeletal system have a role in respiration? | |
| 21 | How does the skeletal system enable us to move? | |
| 22 | Give an example of how the skeletal system provides protection during physical activity | |
| 23 | Explain why mineral storage is an important role of the skeleton | |
| 24 | What roles do irregular bones have in the human body? | |
| 25 | Which two main muscles are found in the upper leg? | |
| 26 | The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius are found where in the body? | |
| 27 | Name two muscles found in the upper arm | |
| 28 | Which muscle enables abduction at the shoulder? | |
| 29 | The latissimus dorsi is one of the biggest muscles found where in the body? | |
| 30 | Which muscles make up the buttocks? | |
| 31 | Which group of muscles are responsible for producing flexion at the hip? | |
| 32 | Which muscles are found in the chest? | |
| 33 | What muscles are found on the side of the torso? | |
| 34 | How do ligaments prevent injury? | |
| 35 | What is the role of the tendon at the joint? | |
| 36 | Name the three main hinge joints found in the body | |
| 37 | What type of joints are the shoulder and hip? | |
| 38 | What type of joint is the wrist? | |
| 39 | Name a pivot joint found in the body | |
| 40 | What type of movement can occur at hinge joints? | |
| 41 | When running the knee performs which two movements? | |
| 42 | Give an example of flexion and extension at the elbow | |
| 43 | Give three movements that can occur at the shoulder | |
| 44 | Bowling in cricket is associated with what movement at the shoulder? | |
| 45 | What is the movement associated with pointing the toes? | |
| 46 | What movement involves reducing the angle between the toes and the front of the lower leg? | |
| 47 | What is circumduction and at what joint can it occur? | |
| 48 | During the upward phase of a squat, name the two movements that occur at the knee and the ankle | |
| 49 | Name the muscle that allows flexion at the knee and the muscle that allows extension at the knee | |
| 50 | What movements do the biceps and triceps allow at the elbow? | |
| 51 | Name the muscle that contracts to allow plantar flexion at the ankle. | |
| 52 | The tibialis anterior causes what movement at what joint? | |
| 53 | Lifting your arm in front of you and above your head is an example of what movement at the shoulder? | |
| 54 | The gluteals contract and cause what movement at the hip? | |
| 55 | Explain how muscles work together in order to move a joint | |
| 56 | What is another name for a prime mover? | |
| 57 | Name two muscles of the upper leg that act as an antagonistic pair | |
| 58 | Name the antagonistic pair which is responsible for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion | |
| 59 | Which two muscles act antagonistically during a press-up? | |
| 60 | The hip flexors act as the agonist during flexion of the hip, what muscle acts as the antagonist? | |
| 61 | Which type of muscles are responsible for vasoconstriction in blood vessels? | |
| 62 | What is the function of cardiac muscle? | |
| 63 | What is the role of voluntary muscles when participating in sport and physical activity? | |
| 64 | What are the characteristics of type I muscle fibres? | |
| 65 | What type of muscle fibres do endurance athletes have a high percentage of? | |
| 66 | Which type of muscle fibres would be most suited to middle-distance running? | |
| 67 | What type of muscles fibres would be most suited to sprint events? | |
| 68 | What are the characteristics of type IIa muscle fibres? | |
| 69 | What are the characteristics of type IIx muscle fibres? | |
| 70 | Explain how the muscular system and the skeletal system work together when taking part in physical activity | |
| 71 | What is flexion? | |
| 72 | What type of movement occurs when the angle between two bones increases? | |
| 73 | Define adduction and abduction | |
| 74 | What is rotation? | |
| 75 | What type of movement is described as pointing of the toes downwards? | |
| 76 | What is dorsiflexion? | |
| 77 | What type of movement occurs at the elbow during the upwards phase of a push-up? | |
| 78 | Why is the action of the elbow considered flexion during the downwards phase of a push-up? | |
| 79 | What types of movement occur at the knee and ankle during the downwards phase of a squat? | |
| 80 | What type of movement does a football player perform at the knee and ankle during the backswing and forward swing when kicking the ball? | |
| 81 | What type of movement occurs at the shoulder when bowling a cricket ball? | |
| 82 | What type of action is a gymnast performing when they move their arms from a central position to an outstretched position on the rings? | |
| 83 | Describe the upper body movements a tennis player makes when performing a forehand shot | |
1.2 The structure and functions of the cardiorespiratory system
| 84 | What is the cardiovascular system responsible for transporting to the working muscles? | |
| 85 | How does the cardiovascular system aid recovery from exercise? | |
| 86 | How does the cardiovascular system support exercising in cold and hot environments? | |
| 87 | What are the upper chambers of the heart called? | |
| 88 | What are the lower chambers of the heart called? | |
| 89 | What structure separates the left and right ventricles? | |
| 90 | Name the three valves found in the heart | |
| 91 | Explain the role of valves found in the heart during the cardiac cycle | |
| 92 | What is the name of the vein which transports deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart? | |
| 93 | What is the role of the aorta in the cardiac cycle? | |
| 94 | What is the role of the pulmonary vein in the cardiac cycle? | |
| 95 | Which blood vessel transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? | |
| 96 | What happens during diastole? | |
| 97 | During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the blood ejected from the ventricles? | |
| 98 | Describe the pathway of blood from when the blood returns to the heart | |
| 99 | How do the capillaries enable a good site for gaseous exchange? | |
| 100 | Describe the structure of the arteries | |
| 101 | Explain how the structure of the arteries helps them perform their role | |
| 102 | Name one feature veins have that arteries don't | |
| 103 | Explain the structure of veins and how their structure relates to their function | |
| 104 | How does the structure of the capillaries help them perform their function? | |
| 105 | Explain how blood flow can be redistributed during exercise | |
| 106 | What is vascular shunting? | |
| 107 | What is the importance of red and white blood cells? | |
| 108 | Which blood cells are responsible for clotting the blood and preventing excessive blood loss? | |
| 109 | What makes up the majority of the blood? | |
| 110 | What is the composition of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in inhaled air at rest? | |
| 111 | What is the composition of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in exhaled air at rest? | |
| 112 | How does that composition of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide change during exercise? | |
| 113 | What is a spirometer trace? | |
| 114 | What is the tidal volume? | |
| 115 | How does a typical spirometer trace change when taken at rest and during exercise? | |
| 116 | Describe the location and role of the lungs | |
| 117 | Which structure of the respiratory system branches into the right and left lungs? | |
| 118 | Where does oxygen diffuse into the blood? | |
| 119 | How thick are the walls of the alveoli? | |
| 120 | What is the advantage of the alveoli having a thin wall? | |
| 121 | What happens during diffusion? | |
| 122 | What happens when the diaphragm contracts? | |
| 123 | Explain how the features of the alveoli assist gaseous exchange | |
| 124 | What are the bronchioles? | |
| 125 | What is the diaphragm? | |
| 126 | How do the cardio and respiratory systems work together during exercise? | |
1.3 Anaerobic and aerobic exercise
| 127 | What is aerobic exercise? | |
| 128 | What type of exercise occurs in the absence of oxygen? | |
| 129 | What type of exercise is sprinting? | |
| 130 | What type of exercise is marathon running? | |
| 131 | What type of exercise is performed during team games such as hockey and basketball? | |
| 132 | What two factors determine whether exercise will be aerobic or anaerobic? | |
| 133 | Explain why team games such as football and hockey involve a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic exercise | |
| 134 | Which waste product is produced during anaerobic exercise? | |
| 135 | What is the equation to summarise aerobic exercise? | |
| 136 | What is the equation to summarise anaerobic exercise? | |
| 137 | What are the three by-products of aerobic exercise? | |
| 138 | What happens when oxygen consumption does not meet the oxygen demands of exercise? | |
| 139 | What type of exercise is carbohydrate a source of fuel for? | |
| 140 | What type of exercise is fat a fuel source for? | |
1.4 (3.4) The short- and long-term effects of exercise
| 141 | When do the short-term effects of exercise occur? | |
| 142 | What are the short-term effects of exercise on the muscles and how does this affect performance? | |
| 143 | What short-term effects occur during exercise which affect the cardiac system? | |
| 144 | Why do the heart rate and stroke volume increase during exercise? | |
| 145 | What are the short-term effects of exercise on respiration and why does this occur? | |
| 146 | How do the respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together to recover from exercise? | |
| 147 | When do the long-term effects of exercise take place? | |
| 148 | How does training regularly affect the musculoskeletal system in the long term? | |
| 149 | How does training regularly affect the cardiac system in the long term? | |
| 150 | How does training regularly affect the respiratory system in the long term? | |
| 151 | How does regular training improve your ability to train? | |
| 152 | What is required between training sessions in order for adaptations to occur? | |
2. Movement Analysis
2.1 Lever systems, examples of their use in activity and the mechanical advantage they provide in movement
| 153 | Name the three components of levers | |
| 154 | How many classes of lever systems are there? | |
| 155 | Describe the order of the fulcrum, load, and effort in a first-class lever system | |
| 156 | In which class of lever is the effort found between the fulcrum and the load? | |
| 157 | Describe the order of the fulcrum, load, and effort in a second-class lever system | |
| 158 | What type of lever is found at the arm during the extension phase of a bicep curl? | |
| 159 | What type of lever is found at the neck when a football player heads the ball? | |
| 160 | Which parts of the body make up the fulcrum, load and effort during a press-up and which class of lever system is it? | |
| 161 | Which class of lever system is operating during the upwards phase of a bicep curl where the biceps represent the effort, the weight is the load, and the elbow is the fulcrum? | |
| 162 | Which class of lever system is operating when a gymnast raises and lowers the weight of their body on their toes and what is the fulcrum, load, and effort during this action? | |
| 163 | How can you work out the mechanical advantage of a lever? | |
| 164 | Which class of levers provide a mechanical advantage? | |
| 165 | What effect does a mechanical advantage have on a lever? | |
| 166 | When does a mechanical disadvantage occur? | |
| 167 | What is the benefit of operating with a mechanical disadvantage? | |
| 168 | What is the disadvantage of operating with a mechanical disadvantage? | |
| 169 | Is there a mechanical advantage or disadvantage when performing the upwards phase of a bicep curl? | |
2.2 Planes and axes of movement
| 170 | What is a plane of movement? | |
| 171 | What is an axis of movement? | |
| 172 | What are the three planes of movement called? | |
| 173 | What are the three axes of rotation called? | |
| 174 | Which plane separates the body into left and right? | |
| 175 | How does the frontal plane separate the body? | |
| 176 | Which plane separates the body into top and bottom halves? | |
| 177 | What plane and axis does a front-tucked somersault occur in? | |
| 178 | What plane and axis does a full vertical twist in trampolining occur in? | |
| 179 | What plane and axis does the leg move in during a rugby kick? | |
| 180 | What plane and axis does a cartwheel occur in? | |
| 181 | What plane and axis does a javelin throw occur in? | |
| 182 | A gymnast may perform several movements in a floor routine and rotate around all three axes. Describe a floor routine and the movements performed which use all three axes. | |
| 183 | A dancer starts their routine by performing a 360� pirouette, then leaps backwards, before finishing with a star jump. Identify the three planes of movement the dancer moves through in order of their routine. | |
3. Physical Training
3.1 The relationship between health and fitness and the role that exercise plays in both
| 184 | Define what is meant by the term 'health' | |
| 185 | Define what is meant by the term 'fitness' | |
| 186 | What is the difference between health and fitness? | |
| 187 | Explain the relationship between health and fitness | |
| 188 | Explain how a lack of health due to a broken wrist could affect the fitness of a football player and a gymnast differently | |
| 189 | Define what is meant by the term 'exercise'? | |
| 190 | Define what is meant by the term 'performance' | |
3.2 The components of fitness benefits for sport and how fitness is measured and improved
| 191 | What is agility? | |
| 192 | Why is agility an important component of fitness in team games? | |
| 193 | Why is agility not an important component of fitness for 100�m sprinters? | |
| 194 | What is balance? | |
| 195 | Name four components of fitness which are important for a gymnast | |
| 196 | Which component of fitness is related to an individual�s ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles in order to allow prolonged exercise to occur? | |
| 197 | What type of sports require cardiovascular endurance? | |
| 198 | What is coordination? | |
| 199 | Why is coordination an important skill in sports such as cricket and golf? | |
| 200 | Which component of fitness allows a performer to achieve a large range of movement at a joint? | |
| 201 | Why is flexibility an important component of fitness in dance? | |
| 202 | What is muscular endurance? | |
| 203 | Explain why rowing requires a high degree of muscular endurance | |
| 204 | What is power? | |
| 205 | Why is power an important component of fitness in sports such as cricket and baseball? | |
| 206 | Which component of fitness determines how quickly a performer will respond to a stimulus? | |
| 207 | Why is reaction time an important fitness component for athletics-track athletes? | |
| 208 | What is strength? | |
| 209 | Why is strength an important component of fitness in weightlifting? | |
| 210 | What is speed? | |
| 211 | Why is speed an important component of fitness in swimming? | |
| 212 | What is body composition? | |
| 213 | How does body composition affect participation in sport? | |
| 214 | Explain why fitness testing may be carried out by a coach or athlete | |
| 215 | Explain the limitations of fitness testing | |
| 216 | What is validity? | |
| 217 | How can the validity of fitness tests be increased? | |
| 218 | Give a limitation of sub-maximal fitness tests | |
| 219 | Explain why fitness tests performed in a laboratory may not be relevant for certain sports | |
| 220 | What is the Cooper 12-minute test used to measure? | |
| 221 | Outline the procedures of the Cooper 12-minute test | |
| 222 | What component of fitness can the Harvard step test be used to measure? | |
| 223 | Outline the procedures of the Harvard step test | |
| 224 | How is the sit and reach test performed? | |
| 225 | What is the sit and reach test used to measure? | |
| 226 | What measurement is taken from the sit and reach test to measure flexibility? | |
| 227 | Why is the sit and reach test inappropriate for some sports? | |
| 228 | What two tests can be used to measure muscular endurance? | |
| 229 | How are the one-minute sit-up and press-up tests performed? | |
| 230 | Explain why using a sit-up bleep test or a one-minute press-up test may not be appropriate for runners | |
| 231 | How can power be measured? | |
| 232 | How is the vertical jump test performed? | |
| 233 | What is the handgrip dynamometer test used to measure? | |
| 234 | Describe why the handgrip dynamometer test may not be an appropriate measure of strength for all sports | |
| 235 | How is the handgrip dynamometer test conducted? | |
| 236 | What fitness test is used to measure speed? | |
| 237 | Name one limitation of the 30�m sprint test that may affect its reliability and provide a method that could be used to overcome this issue | |
3.3 The principles of training and their application to personal exercise / training programmes
| 238 | What is meant by specificity? | |
| 239 | It is important that swimmers perform most of their training in the water because of which principle of training? | |
| 240 | What is meant by progressive overload? | |
| 241 | Which principle of training relates to a performer increasing the amount of weight that they bench press from 50�kg to 55�kg because they are now able to easily complete their training at 50�kg? | |
| 242 | What is meant by reversibility? | |
| 243 | Which principle of training relates to a performer�s strength being reduced following a two-week holiday in the middle of their season? | |
| 244 | Name the four key principles of overload | |
| 245 | Which FITT principle of overload determines the amount of time each training session lasts for? | |
| 246 | If a coach increased the speed that their running group ran at, which principle of overload would they be targeting? | |
| 247 | The number of training sessions performed in one week relates to which principle of overload? | |
| 248 | How can the frequency principle of overload be adjusted? | |
| 249 | What does the time principle of overload relate to? | |
| 250 | If a coach makes all of an athlete�s training sessions into one and a half hour sessions rather than one hour sessions, which principle of overload are they using? | |
| 251 | How can the type of training be altered in order to bring about overload? | |
| 252 | Which principle of overload is a football coach manipulating if they replace one football session a week with a boxercise session? | |
| 253 | Explain how a netball coach could use the FITT principles of overload to ensure that their athletes continue to make improvements as they adapt to the demands of training | |
| 254 | What is meant by the training principle of meeting individual needs? | |
| 255 | Explain what happens when an athlete overtrains | |
| 256 | What is a training threshold? | |
| 257 | Between what percentages of maximum heart rate is the aerobic training zone? | |
| 258 | Between what percentages of maximum heart rate is the anaerobic training zone? | |
| 259 | What should a coach or athlete take into account when planning a training session? | |
| 260 | What is circuit training? | |
| 261 | How can circuit training be altered in order to increase or reduce the demands? | |
| 262 | Identify three ways circuit training can be altered in order to train different fitness components | |
| 263 | What type of training involves steady state exercise for a prolonged period of time? | |
| 264 | What types of physical activity is continuous training appropriate for? | |
| 265 | Which two components of fitness does continuous training have the largest effect on? | |
| 266 | What is the minimum amount of time that should be spent performing continuous training? | |
| 267 | What is fartlek training? | |
| 268 | Why is fartlek training useful for games players? | |
| 269 | What type of training involves intermittent periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of recovery or low-intensity exercise? | |
| 270 | How can interval training be altered to make it harder? | |
| 271 | Is interval training more appropriate for aerobic or anaerobic activities? | |
| 272 | What is plyometric training? | |
| 273 | What component of fitness is plyometric training useful for? | |
| 274 | How can weightlifting be adjusted in order to train strength or muscular endurance? | |
| 275 | Name four components of fitness that can be improved by weight training | |
| 276 | Which methods of training would be most appropriate for a sprinter to use in their training programme in order to increase their speed? | |
| 277 | What is body pump? | |
| 278 | What are the advantages of taking part in body pump and what components of fitness and sporting activities is it useful for? | |
| 279 | What are the disadvantages of taking part in body pump? | |
| 280 | What type of exercise usually involves a group being led through a range of rhythmic moves in time to music? | |
| 281 | Which component of fitness can be trained using aerobics | |
| 282 | Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of taking part in aerobics | |
| 283 | What is pilates? | |
| 284 | What are the advantages of taking part in pilates and what components of fitness and sporting activities is it useful for? | |
| 285 | What are the disadvantages of taking part in pilates? | |
| 286 | What type of exercise is a method of stretching with spiritual roots which is designed to improve flexibility, strength, support and psychological health? | |
| 287 | Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of taking part in yoga | |
| 288 | What is spinning? | |
| 289 | What are the components of fitness and sporting activities spinning is useful for? | |
3.5 How to optimise training and prevent injury
| 290 | What does PAR-Q stand for? | |
| 291 | What form should be completed prior to taking part in an exercise programme in order to ensure the participant is physically capable? | |
| 292 | What type of questions are asked in the PAR-Q? | |
| 293 | What should you do if you answer yes to any question in the PAR-Q? | |
| 294 | When a coach plans a training programme, what should they consider in order to reduce the risk of injury to an athlete? | |
| 295 | What can an athlete who has previously injured a joint or muscle do before exercising to reduce the risk of re-injuring themselves? | |
| 296 | If a rugby player is completing a training session outside while it is raining, how could they reduce their chances of injury? | |
| 297 | If an American football player consistently performs helmet to helmet tackles, how could a coach reduce their risk of injury? | |
| 298 | What should a hockey coach do before a training session in order to ensure that the risk of injury is reduced? | |
| 299 | What is a concussion? | |
| 300 | What is a fracture? | |
| 301 | What is a strain? | |
| 302 | What is torn cartilage and how does it occur? | |
| 303 | What type of injury has occurred if an athlete twists their ankle ligaments when landing from a jump? | |
| 304 | What type of injury occurs when the bone is moved from the position within a joint in which it's normally held. | |
| 305 | What injuries are tennis players and golfers likely to suffer from and what causes these injuries? | |
| 306 | What type of injury has occurred if an athlete experiences damage to the upper layers of the skin after falling over on a rough surface? | |
| 307 | What does RICE stand for? | |
| 308 | How should a first aider treat a sprained ankle suffered during a netball match? | |
| 309 | What is a performance-enhancing drug? | |
| 310 | What are the positive effects of taking stimulants? | |
| 311 | What are the possible side effects of taking stimulants? | |
| 312 | What are the positive effects of taking narcotic analgesics? | |
| 313 | How can the painkilling effect of narcotic analgesics have a negative effect on a weightlifter who has a bad shoulder? | |
| 314 | When would a swimmer take narcotic analgesics? | |
| 315 | What type of athletes would take anabolic steroids? | |
| 316 | Would a boxer or a marathon runner benefit more from anabolic steroids? | |
| 317 | Why would a rugby prop be more likely to take anabolic steroids than a rugby winger? | |
| 318 | What are the benefits of taking anabolic steroids? | |
| 319 | Name one side effect of anabolic steroids | |
| 320 | Why would a marathon runner take peptide hormones? | |
| 321 | What negative effect could peptide hormones have on an athlete? | |
| 322 | Which prohibited substance would be most appropriate for endurance athletes to take? | |
| 323 | What type of athlete would find peptide hormones the most beneficial? | |
| 324 | Which components of fitness do peptide hormones increase? | |
| 325 | What type of drug is EPO an example of and what is its benefit? | |
| 326 | What type of drugs are growth hormones and what are their benefits? | |
| 327 | What effect do diuretics have on an athlete? | |
| 328 | What type of athlete would take diuretics? | |
| 329 | Why would a boxer take diuretics in the lead-up to a fight? | |
| 330 | Explain how blood doping is carried out | |
| 331 | What are the benefits of blood doping? | |
| 332 | Which component of fitness does blood doping have an effect on? | |
| 333 | Explain how blood doping leads to positive adaptations | |
| 334 | What are the negative side effects of blood doping? | |
| 335 | A triathlete may use blood doping. Explain how they would go about it and evaluate the positives and negatives of this prohibited method to the triathlete. | |
| 336 | What type of athletes would benefit most from blood doping? | |
| 337 | Why would a cyclist use the method of blood doping? | |
| 338 | Is a long distance swimmer or a 100�m runner more likely to benefit from blood doping? | |
| 339 | Why are beta blockers taken by athletes? | |
| 340 | What are the potential side effects of taking beta blockers? | |
| 341 | Would an archer or a javelin thrower benefit more from the use of beta blockers? | |
| 342 | Explain why an archer would take beta blockers and identify the side effects they could face | |
| 343 | Does the use of beta blockers improve the performance of fine or gross motor skills? | |
| 344 | Would a snooker player or an American football player benefit more from the use of stimulants? | |
| 345 | Which performance-enhancing drug would an injured athlete be most likely to take? | |
| 346 | Why do athletes take performance-enhancing drugs? | |
| 347 | Why are athletes put off from taking performance-enhancing drugs? | |
3.6 Effective use of warm-up and cool-down
| 348 | What should be performed before undertaking physical activity or exercise in order to reduce the risk of injury and prepare the athlete? | |
| 349 | What is the main purpose of a warm-up? | |
| 350 | What considerations should be made during a warm-up in order to reduce the chance of injury? | |
| 351 | In team sports such as hockey and football, who do they take part in light jogging as part of their warm-ups? | |
| 352 | Why do swimmers perform a swimming routine before a race rather than a running routine? | |
| 353 | Why do goalball players practise taking shots prior to a match? | |
| 354 | Identify the main constituent parts of warming up. | |
| 355 | What should the cool-down include? | |
| 356 | Why do cyclists continue to cycle after they have finished a race rather than immediately stopping? | |
| 357 | Explain the benefits of warming up | |
| 358 | Explain the benefits of cooling down | |