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For this unit there are 305 MP3 files, each containing a question and corresponding answer.
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Podcasts are colour-coded to indicate the following:
| Level | Description | Show |
|---|---|---|
| BRONZE | Straightforward questions which do not require in-depth analysis. Questions require short answers and involve students demonstrating knowledge and understanding of key theoretical content. |
|
| SILVER | Questions requiring more direct thinking, explanation and involve students being able to describe and apply knowledge to sporting contexts. |
|
| GOLD | More challenging questions, ideal for students aiming for a top grade. Questions require a deeper understanding of theoretical content in order to explain, apply, analyse and evaluate how factors affect performance and participation in physical activity and sport. |
3.2.1 Sports Psychology
3.2.1.1 Classification of skills 
| 1 | Define skill |  |
| 2 | Define ability | |
| 3 | What is the difference between basic and complex skills? | |
| 4 | Give an example of a basic skill | |
| 5 | Why is a handspring in gymnastics classified as a complex skill? | |
| 6 | What is an open skill? | |
| 7 | What is meant by an external cue? | |
| 8 | What is a closed skill? | |
| 9 | Is a football pass a closed skill or an open skill? Explain your answer. | |
| 10 | Explain the difference between self-paced and externally paced skills | |
| 11 | Explain the difference between gross and fine skills | |
| 12 | Does the game of bowls involve fine or gross skills? | |
| 13 | Describe what type of skill a gymnastics floor routine is against the four classifications of skill | |
| 14 | Describe what type of skill a rugby tackle is against the four classifications of skill | |
| 15 | Justify why swimming is classified as a basic, closed, self-paced and gross skill | |
| 16 | Justify why tennis is classified as a gross, externally paced skill | |
| 17 | Describe what type of skill a volleyball spike is against the four classifications of skill and justify your answer | |
| 18 | Define what is meant by a performance goal | |
| 19 | Define what is meant by an outcome goal | |
| 20 | What type of goal is the following: �I want to win the league� | |
| 21 | What type of goal is the following: �I want to improve my tackling ability� | |
3.2.1.2 The use of goal-setting and SMART targets to improve and/or optimise performance
| 22 | Why are performance goals preferred over outcome goals? | |
| 23 | What principles of goal-setting are covered by the acronym �SMART�? | |
| 24 | What does making a target specific mean? | |
| 25 | Why is it important to make targets time-bound? | |
| 26 | It is important to do what in order to see the progress you have made towards your goal? | |
| 27 | Why is it important to make sure a target is accepted when creating a SMART target for another person? | |
| 28 | What does realistic mean in target setting? | |
3.2.1.3 Basic information processing
| 29 | Name the four stages of the basic model of information processing | |
| 30 | Describe what happens during the input stage of information processing | |
| 31 | What stage of the information processing model is associated with a volleyball player seeing the ball come towards them? | |
| 32 | What is meant by the display when processing information? | |
| 33 | Explain the role of selective attention during the input stage of information processing | |
| 34 | At what stage of information processing does the athlete select an appropriate response? | |
| 35 | A basketball player has seen that they can�t shoot as a defender is in the way, what should they do next? | |
| 36 | How does an experienced athlete make quicker decisions than an inexperienced athlete? | |
| 37 | Explain what happens during the output stage of information processing | |
| 38 | What is intrinsic feedback? | |
| 39 | What is extrinsic feedback? | |
| 40 | Explain the role of each stage of information processing during a hockey pass | |
3.2.1.4 Guidance and feedback on performance
| 41 | What are the four types of guidance? | |
| 42 | Which type of guidance involves the athlete watching a demonstration of the skill? | |
| 43 | Which type of guidance involves the athlete listening to instructions? | |
| 44 | What is manual guidance? | |
| 45 | What is mechanical guidance? | |
| 46 | What type of guidance is the use of floating aids when learning to swim? | |
| 47 | Name two types of guidance that can be used when learning complex skills with an element of risk | |
| 48 | Evaluate which types of guidance would be appropriate for a beginner | |
| 49 | Evaluate which types of guidance would be appropriate for elite athletes | |
| 50 | What are the benefits of using verbal guidance? | |
| 51 | What type of guidance is being used when a coach holds a gymnast�s legs in position during a handstand? | |
| 52 | Which two types of guidance allow the athlete to gain a kinaesthetic understanding of the skill? | |
| 53 | Why are manual and mechanical guidance appropriate methods when performing complex skills with an element of risk? | |
| 54 | What are the six forms of feedback? | |
| 55 | What is meant by knowledge of results? | |
| 56 | What is meant by knowledge of performance? | |
| 57 | What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback? | |
| 58 | Which types of feedback should be given to beginners? | |
| 59 | Which types of feedback are appropriate for elite athletes? | |
| 60 | Why is it only appropriate to give beginners positive, extrinsic and knowledge of performance when giving feedback? | |
| 61 | Why is it appropriate to give elite athletes forms of feedback which are not appropriate for beginners? | |
| 62 | What three types of feedback are being given when a coach tells an athlete that they have executed a skill well? | |
| 63 | What three types of feedback are being given when an athlete recognises that the outcome of the match was not successful? | |
3.2.1.5 Mental preparation for performance
| 64 | What is arousal? | |
| 65 | What does the inverted-U theory tell us about arousal in sport? | |
| 66 | What effect does under-arousal have? | |
| 67 | What effect does over-arousal have? | |
| 68 | How do optimal arousal levels vary according to the skill being performed? | |
| 69 | Would the optimal arousal level be lower when performing a netball shot or an American football tackle? | |
| 70 | Will the performance of a long jump run-up require a high or low level of arousal for optimal performance? Explain your choice. | |
| 71 | Do gross skills require a high or low level of arousal for optimal performance? | |
| 72 | Do fine skills require a high or low level of arousal for optimal performance? | |
| 73 | What is meant by a stress-management technique? | |
| 74 | What does deep breathing involve? | |
| 75 | What stress-management technique involves visualising successful performance? | |
| 76 | What does imagery involve? | |
| 77 | Why should positive images be used during mental rehearsal? | |
| 78 | What does positive self-talk involve? | |
| 79 | Which methods of stress management can be used prior to competition? | |
| 80 | Explain the stress-management methods a boxer may use prior to and during a fight | |
| 81 | What is direct aggression? | |
| 82 | What is indirect aggression? | |
| 83 | What type of aggression involves a performer taking out their anger on an object rather than a person? | |
| 84 | What type of aggression occurs when a hockey player trips an opponent with their stick? | |
| 85 | Explain what type of aggression occurs when a football player kicks the ball away in frustration, following a decision by the referee? | |
| 86 | What are the characteristics of an introvert? | |
| 87 | What type of personality enjoys interaction with a lot of other people, talks a lot and gets bored when they are on their own? | |
| 88 | What type of sports do introverts usually prefer? | |
| 89 | Would an introvert typically prefer to play American football or cricket? | |
| 90 | What are the characteristics of an extrovert? | |
| 91 | What type of person is shy, thoughtful and enjoys being on their own a lot of the time? | |
| 92 | What type of sports do extroverts usually prefer? | |
| 93 | Would an extrovert typically prefer to take part in rugby or archery? | |
| 94 | Explain the difference between introverts and extroverts and identify the types of sports each would be suited to. | |
| 95 | What type of motivation is based on pride and achievement of personal goals? | |
| 96 | What is intrinsic motivation? | |
| 97 | What type of motivation is received from other people? | |
| 98 | What is extrinsic motivation? | |
| 99 | What form of extrinsic feedback are trophies and medals? | |
| 100 | What form of extrinsic feedback are praise and congratulations? | |
| 101 | What is the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation? | |
| 102 | What type of motivation is received when a gymnast gets a round of applause following their routine? | |
| 103 | What type of motivation is received when a hockey player achieves their personal goal of improving their shot accuracy? | |
| 104 | Evaluate the use of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation | |
| 105 | Which type of motivation is considered to be the most effective? | |
| 106 | Which type of motivation typically leads to continued effort and participation? | |
3.2.2 Sociocultural Influences
3.2.2.1 Engagement patterns of different social groups in physical activity and sport
| 107 | Name the different social groups which can affect engagement in physical activity and sport? | |
| 108 | What effect can attitudes have on engagement? | |
| 109 | What effect can role models have on engagement? | |
| 110 | What effect can accessibility have on engagement? | |
| 111 | What effect can media coverage have on engagement? | |
| 112 | What effect can sexism or stereotyping have on engagement? | |
| 113 | What effect can culture have on engagement? | |
| 114 | What effect can family commitments have on engagement? | |
| 115 | What effect can the amount of leisure time have on engagement? | |
| 116 | What effect can familiarity have on engagement? | |
| 117 | What effect can education have on engagement? | |
| 118 | What effect can financial status have on engagement? | |
| 119 | What effect can the adaptability of a sport or activity have on engagement? | |
| 120 | What three factors can affect the difference in participation rates between males and females in sport? | |
| 121 | How do role models impact participation in racial groups? | |
| 122 | What personal factors can affect an individual as they age? | |
| 123 | How can family attitudes impact on participation rates? | |
| 124 | What can a national governing body do to increase participation rates of disabled individuals? | |
3.2.2.2 Commercialisation of physical activity and sport
| 125 | What is meant by commercialisation? | |
| 126 | Which three factors interact to form the �golden triangle� of commercialisation? | |
| 127 | Evaluate the relationship between sport and the media | |
| 128 | Evaluate the relationship between sport and sponsorship | |
| 129 | Evaluate the relationship between sponsorship and the media | |
| 130 | What is sponsorship? | |
| 131 | Name the different types of sponsorship | |
| 132 | What is the media? | |
| 133 | Name five different types of media | |
| 134 | The Guardian is an example of what type of media? | |
| 135 | Assess the impact of commercialisation on the performers | |
| 136 | Assess the impact of commercialisation on the sport | |
| 137 | Assess the impact of commercialisation on the officials | |
| 138 | Assess the impact of commercialisation on the audience or spectators | |
| 139 | Assess the impact of commercialisation on the sponsors | |
| 140 | What positive effects has technology had on performers? | |
| 141 | Why is the development of specialised equipment an advantage to the performer? | |
| 142 | What negative effects can technology have on performers? | |
| 143 | Assess the impact of technology directly on the sport | |
| 144 | What type of technology is used in rugby during the match to support referees' decisions? | |
| 145 | What technology is used in football to benefit the referee in making decisions? | |
| 146 | Name two sports which use Hawk-Eye to aid the decisions of the officials | |
| 147 | What positive impact does technology have on the officials? | |
| 148 | Why is it a benefit for officials to have the support of technology when making decisions? | |
| 149 | What are the negative impacts of technology on the officials? | |
| 150 | Assess how technological advancements have impacted spectators in sport | |
| 151 | How has technology positively impacted on sponsors? | |
3.2.2.3 Ethical and sociocultural Influences in physical activity and sport
| 152 | What is meant by etiquette? | |
| 153 | How could a hockey player display good etiquette when they notice that an opponent is seriously injured? | |
| 154 | What is sportsmanship? | |
| 155 | How could a swimmer display sportsmanship after a race? | |
| 156 | What is being displayed when a volleyball player shakes the hand of their opponents after a match? | |
| 157 | What is gamesmanship? | |
| 158 | How could a netball player display gamesmanship? | |
| 159 | What is kicking the ball away after a foul in football an example of? | |
| 160 | What does the contract to compete involve? | |
| 161 | If a rugby player displays gamesmanship by wasting time, are they upholding the contract to compete? | |
| 162 | If a cyclist stops trying their hardest because they do not think that they can win the race, what are they breaking? | |
| 163 | What is a performance-enhancing drug? | |
| 164 | What are the positive effects of taking stimulants? | |
| 165 | What are the possible side effects of taking stimulants? | |
| 166 | What are the positive effects of taking narcotic analgesics? | |
| 167 | How can the painkilling effect of narcotic analgesics have a negative effect on a weightlifter who has a bad shoulder? | |
| 168 | When would a swimmer take narcotic analgesics? | |
| 169 | What type of athletes would take anabolic steroids? | |
| 170 | Would a boxer or a marathon runner benefit more from anabolic steroids? | |
| 171 | Why would a rugby prop be more likely to take anabolic steroids than a rugby winger? | |
| 172 | What are the benefits of taking anabolic steroids? | |
| 173 | Name one side effect of anabolic steroids | |
| 174 | Why would a marathon runner take peptide hormones? | |
| 175 | What negative effect could peptide hormones have on an athlete? | |
| 176 | Which prohibited substance would be most appropriate for endurance athletes to take? | |
| 177 | What type of athlete would find peptide hormones the most beneficial? | |
| 178 | Which components of fitness do peptide hormones increase? | |
| 179 | What type of drug is EPO an example of and what is its benefit? | |
| 180 | What effect do diuretics have on an athlete? | |
| 181 | What type of athlete would take diuretics? | |
| 182 | Why would a boxer take diuretics in the lead-up to a fight? | |
| 183 | Explain how blood doping is carried out | |
| 184 | What are the benefits of blood doping? | |
| 185 | Which component of fitness does blood doping have an effect on? | |
| 186 | Explain how blood doping leads to positive adaptations | |
| 187 | What are the negative side effects of blood doping? | |
| 188 | A triathlete may use blood doping. Explain how they would go about it and evaluate the positives and negatives of this prohibited method to the triathlete. | |
| 189 | What type of athletes would benefit most from blood doping? | |
| 190 | Why would a cyclist use the method of blood doping? | |
| 191 | Is a long distance swimmer or a 100�m runner more likely to benefit from blood doping? | |
| 192 | Why are beta blockers taken by athletes? | |
| 193 | What are the potential side effects of taking beta blockers? | |
| 194 | Would an archer or a javelin thrower benefit more from the use of beta blockers? | |
| 195 | Explain why an archer would take beta blockers and identify the side effects they could face | |
| 196 | Does the use of beta blockers improve the performance of fine or gross motor skills? | |
| 197 | Would a snooker player or an American football player benefit more from the use of stimulants? | |
| 198 | Which performance-enhancing drug would an injured athlete be most likely to take? | |
| 199 | Why do athletes take performance-enhancing drugs? | |
| 200 | Why are athletes put off from taking performance-enhancing drugs? | |
| 201 | What could happen if an athlete is found guilty of using performance-enhancing drugs? | |
| 202 | What impact did the revelations that a number of top cyclists were using performance-enhancing drugs have on the sport of cycling? | |
| 203 | Analyse the use of performance-enhancing drugs on the sport and the performer | |
| 204 | What are the positive effects of large crowds at sporting events? | |
| 205 | What is meant by home field advantage? | |
| 206 | Who benefits from home field advantage? | |
| 207 | How can spectators have a negative impact on the outcome of a sporting event? | |
| 208 | What effect can spectatorship in sport have on participation? | |
| 209 | Why might the police be concerned when large crowds gather to watch sporting events? | |
| 210 | Evaluate the impact spectators can have at matches | |
| 211 | Explain why acts of hooliganism occur at sporting events | |
| 212 | If a player misses a goal-scoring opportunity or a referee makes a bad decision, why might this lead to acts of hooliganism? | |
| 213 | Why do some sports and stadiums prevent alcohol from being served during the game? | |
| 214 | Why might big matches be more likely to result in hooliganism? | |
| 215 | How can organisers reduce the effect of alcohol on spectators? | |
| 216 | Explain how banning orders can reduce the likelihood of hooliganism occurring | |
| 217 | How can the authorities try to change the mindset of hooligans in order to reduce the effect that they have? | |
| 218 | What strategies can be used within the stadium to reduce the likelihood of violence? | |
| 219 | What are the advantages and disadvantages of moving kick-offs to an earlier time? | |
| 220 | What are the benefits and disadvantages of replacing standing room with all-seater stadia? | |
| 221 | Evaluate the effectiveness of having greater security at sporting events | |
| 222 | Evaluate the effectiveness of banning orders and the segregation of fans | |
| 223 | Is educating fans about hooliganism a good way to reduce the problem? | |
3.2.3 Health, Fitness and Well-being
3.2.3.1 Physical, emotional and social health, fitness and well-being
| 224 | What three components of health and well-being can physical activity, exercise, and sport improve? | |
| 225 | Describe the impact that physical activity, exercise, and sport can have on physical health | |
| 226 | What effect can taking part in physical activity, exercise and sport have on the heart? | |
| 227 | In what way can taking part in physical activity, exercise, or sport benefit someone when they are performing tasks such as cleaning? | |
| 228 | What is the benefit of serotonin being released during exercise? | |
| 229 | Which hormone is released during exercise and makes the exerciser feel good? | |
| 230 | What are the benefits of physical activity, exercise, and sport for emotional health and well-being | |
| 231 | Making friends is a benefit of which component of health and well-being? | |
| 232 | Why is taking part in physical activity, exercise, and sport a good idea for someone who feels lonely? | |
| 233 | What are the benefits of physical activity, exercise and sport to social health and well-being? | |
| 234 | What are the benefits of taking part in physical activity, exercise and sport for fitness? | |
| 235 | How does a reduced chance of injury benefit an individual�s fitness levels? | |
| 236 | How can improved fitness levels affect a builder�s ability to work? | |
3.2.3.2 Consequences of a sedentary lifestyle
| 237 | What is a sedentary lifestyle? | |
| 238 | How could an individual ensure that they do not lead a sedentary lifestyle? | |
| 239 | If an individual walks to work once a month but does not exercise for the rest of the month, would they be considered to be leading a sedentary lifestyle? | |
| 240 | In what ways can leading a sedentary lifestyle affect the cardiovascular system? | |
| 241 | What illnesses can be experienced as a result of a sedentary lifestyle? | |
| 242 | What can happen to an individual if they do not take part in exercise, physical activity, or sport? | |
| 243 | What is meant by the term 'obesity'? | |
| 244 | Name four components of fitness that can be negatively affected by obesity | |
| 245 | In what way can obesity affect cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility and speed? | |
| 246 | What effect can obesity have on the health of an individual? | |
| 247 | How can obesity affect physical health? | |
| 248 | In what way can obesity impact on an individual�s mental health? | |
| 249 | In what way can obesity impact on social health? | |
| 250 | Explain how obesity can impact on performance in physical activity and how it can impact on health and well-being | |
| 251 | What is meant by the term 'endomorph'? | |
| 252 | What type of events are endomorphs suited to? | |
| 253 | What type of body do shot-putters usually have? | |
| 254 | What is meant by the term 'mesomorph'? | |
| 255 | Which somatotype is an individual with developed muscles and a low percentage of body fat? | |
| 256 | Describe the type of body that an ectomorph has | |
| 257 | What type of events are ectomorphs suited to? | |
| 258 | What type of body type would be most suitable for a marathon runner? | |
| 259 | Why are long-distance runners normally ectomorphs? | |
| 260 | Which somatotype is a tall and skinny individual with a low percentage of body fat? | |
| 261 | Which body types would be most suitable for running the 100�m and 5000�m track events? Explain your answer. | |
3.2.3.3 Energy use, diet, nutrition and hydration
| 262 | What is energy measured in? | |
| 263 | How many calories should the average male eat each day? | |
| 264 | How many calories should the average female eat each day? | |
| 265 | Generally, do males or females need to consume more calories each day? | |
| 266 | What factors determine how many calories an individual will need to consume each day? | |
| 267 | How would calorie consumption differ between a child and an adult? | |
| 268 | How does height affect calorie consumption? | |
| 269 | How does a person�s level of energy expenditure determine how many calories they will need to consume each day? | |
| 270 | Why would an elite swimmer be required to consume more calories than a similar individual who does not regularly exercise? | |
| 271 | Why can�t you just eat one type of food? | |
| 272 | What does a balanced diet provide the body with? | |
| 273 | How can an unbalanced diet lead to obesity? | |
| 274 | What is unused energy stored as? | |
| 275 | Why is a balanced diet important if you take part in physical activity? | |
| 276 | What three reasons does the body need nutrients for? | |
| 277 | What percentage of the diet should be made up of carbohydrates? | |
| 278 | Should the majority of energy come from carbohydrates, fats, or proteins? | |
| 279 | Which energy source should make up 25�30% of the diet? | |
| 280 | What percentage of the diet should be made up by fat? | |
| 281 | What percentage of the diet should be made up by protein? | |
| 282 | Should carbohydrates, fats, or proteins provide the smallest contribution to the diet? | |
| 283 | Which source of energy does the body prefer to use for all forms of exercise? | |
| 284 | Which source of energy provides the most energy during low-intensity exercise? | |
| 285 | Why is fat an important component of the diet? | |
| 286 | What is the role of protein? | |
| 287 | Why is it important that a weightlifter consumes large quantities of protein? | |
| 288 | Which component of the diet is important for the growth and repair of muscles? | |
| 289 | What role do vitamins and minerals play? | |
| 290 | Which components of the diet are important for ensuring that the body systems continue to work and general health is maintained? | |
| 291 | Explain what the diet should consist of and the role that each component plays | |
| 292 | What is dehydration? | |
| 293 | What has occurred if your body has an imbalance of water content due to not enough water being consumed compared to the amount of water being lost? | |
| 294 | How can dehydration be avoided? | |
| 295 | What can be avoided through maintaining your water balance? | |
| 296 | What is maintained if you drink as much water as you lose? | |
| 297 | How does the blood change when an individual is dehydrated? | |
| 298 | What is meant by increased blood viscosity? | |
| 299 | How does an increase in blood viscosity impact upon the heart? | |
| 300 | What happens to the temperature of the body as a result of dehydration? | |
| 301 | If the body is unable to cool itself down, what can happen? | |
| 302 | What can happen to your ability to make decisions when you are dehydrated? | |
| 303 | How can dehydration affect the muscles? | |
| 304 | What impact could dehydration have on the performance of a 400�m runner? | |
| 305 | What happens to the body when it becomes dehydrated? | |